I-Caribbean yeyesibini ngobukhulu kwirhafu esebenzayo, igcina i-97 yezigidigidi zeedola rhoqo ngonyaka

Nokuba ungakhula njani umsindo wokuphendula kumaPhepha ePanama, ukusetyenziswa kwerhafu yenkampani kubonakala ngathi kuninzi kunangaphambili. Uvavanyo olutsha kraca lucebisa ukuba amazwe ali-11 athatha nje i-616 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kwinzuzo, njengoko ii-conglomerate zibambelela ekufumaneni iindlela zomthetho zokuhambisa umvuzo kude neerhafu zekhaya. nantsi indawo ephezulu yeholide yokuphepha ukuhlawula irhafu, kwaye kwindawo yesibini ekufutshane yindawo edibeneyo yeCaribbean.

Amaphepha ePanama abe kukuvuza okungafaniyo neshumi elinanye. Izigidi ezintlanu zamaxwebhu asuka kwindawo yogcino lwefayile yesine ngobukhulu elunxwemeni, Mossack Fonseca. Emva kokuba olu lwazi ludluliselwe kwiphephandaba laseJamani iSüddeutsche Zeitung ngendlela engaziwayo, iphepha labelana ngeenkcukacha-manani ne-Consortium of Investigative newshounds (ICIJ).

Iifayile zifumene iwebhu yemfihlo yeerhafu yolawulo lwaselunxwemeni, apho abantu abazizityebi kunye neearhente zenza ezona zininzi ukunqanda ukuhlawula irhafu yekhaya. Olu lwazi luye emva kweminyaka elishumi yobungqongqo obubone iindawo ezininzi eziphambili zamazwe aphesheya zithengisa izinto kwiinkonzo zabo zikarhulumente njengendlela yokuhlawula ukusilela kwekota yezemali yehlabathi, ngelixa ichaza abemi ukuba akukho mali yokugcina amaziko anje.

Ngenxa yoko, amaPhepha ePanama axhokonxa isandi sengqumbo esatshayela umhlaba; ukumiliselwa kwabo, kodwa, ekugqibeleni, akukho nto ingako bayenzileyo ukuwisa umthetho ukuba benze njalo, ngakumbi njengoko abenzi bomthetho abaninzi babenyanzelekile. Izifundo ezitsha ezisunguliweyo ziye zaqinisekisa ukuba, kumazwe amaninzi, iindlela zokuphepha ukuhlawula irhafu aziqhelekanga.

Ngokuhambelana nokuvavanywa ngoqoqosho lwe-3 oluhambelana nekholeji yaseCopenhagen, i-UC Berkeley kunye ne-National Bureau yophando lwezoqoqosho (i-NBER), iqonga laseMelika lophando lwemali, iinkampani kwihlabathi jikelele zenza i-11,515 yezigidigidi zenzuzo ngonyaka omnye. Kwelo nani, amashumi asibhozo anesihlanu eepesenti senziwa ngokusebenzisa imibutho yasekuhlaleni, intsalela (iipesenti ezili-15) yenziwa yimibutho elawulwa phesheya.

Nangona kunjalo, kwi-1,703 yezigidi zeerandi yenzuzo eyenziwe ziinkampani zangaphandle, phantse iipesenti ezingama-40- ngokuchanekileyo i-616 yezigidigidi-zatshintshelwa kweminye imimandla yerhafu ngaphandle kwelizwe labo. Kwelo xabiso, iipesenti ezingama-92 zaya kumazwe ali-11 kuphela-bafumana la mazwe isihloko esibi 'serhafu'. Mhlawumbi ngokungathandabuzekiyo, i-US ibone ukuba uninzi lwenzuzo lutshintshile, nge-142 yezigidigidi zeedola ifumana indlela eya elunxwemeni, ilandelwa yi-UK, kwi-61 yezigidigidi zeedola, kunye neJamani kwi-55 yezigidigidi zeedola. Abathathu babephakathi kwabo bakhankanywe ngokuqaqambileyo kumaPhepha ePanama.

Ngokumangalisayo, iiCaribbean ngokudibeneyo zizisa i-97 yezigidigidi zeedola rhoqo ngonyaka, ngokophando, ziipesenti ezingama-95 zenzuzo yalapha ekhaya. Ngelixa oku kubonisa ukuba le ngingqi isesinye seendawo ezinomhlaba jikelele zokuphepha ukuhlawula irhafu, ikwabonisa isixa esikhulu sokuhanjiswa konxweme ngokuthelekiswa nenqanaba elincinci lenzuzo yasekhaya. Ngaphandle kwabarhanelwa abaqhelekileyo baseCaribbean, iBermuda ibona iipesenti ezingama-96 zenzuzo yayo yonyaka kunye nePuerto Rico iipesenti ezingama-79 zivela phesheya.

Ukusebenza kakuhle kweRhafu kwiCaribbean zezi ziQithi zeCayman, iPanama, iBahamas, iBritish Virgin Islands, iDominica, iNevis, iAnguilla, iCosta Rica, iBelize neBarbados. Elinye lala mazwe libeke indawo efanelekileyo yokufumana irhafu ngemithetho engqongqo yezemali yabucala. Ngokudibeneyo, ireyithi yokurhafisa esebenzayo kummandla wonke ziipesenti ezi-2 ezigqunywe kuphela yiBermuda engathathi kwanto.

Funda ngokugqithisileyo:

• Vula iakhawunti yebhanki engaselunxwemeni
• Iinkonzo zokubandakanya inkampani