I-FDI eVietnam-Luya phi utyalomali?

Ixesha elihlaziyiweyo: 23 Aug, 2019, 15:42 (UTC+08:00)

Kukhuthazwe kukukhula okuqhubekayo, iVietnam iyaqhubeka nokutsala irekhodi lotyalo-mali lwangaphandle ngqo (FDI). Idatha yamva nje evela kwiArhente yoTyalo-mali lwangaphandle (i-FIA) ibonisa ukuba i-FDI eVietnam kwiinyanga ezintlanu zokuqala zonyaka ifikelele kwiminyaka emine ephezulu ye-US $ 16.74 yezigidigidi.

Zijikeleze i-1,363 yeeprojekthi ezintsha ezinelayisensi yenani elipheleleyo elibhalisiweyo le-US $ 6.46 yezigidigidi kwisithuba sikaJanuwari ukuya kuMeyi, inyuke ngepesenti ye-38.7 ngokuchasene nexesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo.

Kumacandelo ali-19 afumana imali, ukuveliswa nokulungiswa kweza ngaphezulu nge-US $ 10.5 yezigidigidi, kubalwa iipesenti ezingama-72 ze-FDI iyonke. Oku kwalandelwa kukuthengiswa kwezindlu nomhlaba kwi-US $ 1.1 yezigidigidi emva koko kwivenkile kunye nevenkile ethengisa nge-US $ 742.7 yezigidi. Utyalomali luqhutywa ikakhulu yimfazwe yorhwebo yase-US-China.

Oku, kudityaniswa nokungeniswa kwamva nje kwesiVumelwano esiBanzi nesiqhubela phambili seNtsebenziswano yeTrans-Pacific (CPTPP) kunye ne-EU neVietnam FTA (i-EVFTA) iya kubonelela ngamathuba abalulekileyo kutyalo-mali olungenayo noluphuma kule minyaka imbalwa izayo.

Ngapha koko, kunokwenzeka ukuba iVietnam izakuqhubeka nokuphucula ubume bayo bezomthetho ukuze ihambelane neemfuno zokwenza izinto ngokusekuhleni ezibekwe zezi zivumelwano sele zikhankanyiwe, ngakumbi malunga nokukhuselwa kweLungelo lobuNini boKhuseleko lobuNini (IPR).

FDI in Vietnam – Where is the Investment Going?

Imithombo yotyalo-mali eyahlukeneyo

Amazwe aseAsia amele isabelo sengonyama se-FDI eVietnam.

IHong Kong ikhokelela kulo lonke utyalomali lwe-FDI kwi-US $ 5.08 yezigidigidi, ibala iipesenti ezingama-30.4 zotyalo-mali lulonke kwiinyanga ezintlanu zokuqala zonyaka. ISouth Korea neSingapore zingena kwindawo yesibini neyesithathu, zilandelwa yiChina neJapan.

Inqaku elibalulekileyo ekufuneka liqwalaselwe kukuba iChina ibisonyusa utyalo-mali lwayo eVietnam ngokukhawuleza. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, kuye kwaba ngumtyali wesixhenxe ngobukhulu eVietnam. Kwi-2018, inyukele kwesihlanu kwaye ngoku yeyesine.

IHanoi igcina isihloko sayo njengeyona ndawo inomtsalane kubatyali bamanye amazwe nge-US $ 2.78 yezigidigidi ye-FDI iyonke ebhalisiweyo okanye ipesenti ye-16.6. Oku kulandelwa liphondo laseBinh Duong nge-US $ 1.25 yezigidigidi.

Umntla weVietnam uhlanganisa ngokukhawuleza indawo yawo njengeziko eliphambili lezemveliso ye-elektroniki kunye nomzi mveliso onzima, enkosi kubukho beengqungquthela zehlabathi njengeSamsung, iCanon, neFoxconn kunye nomzi mveliso weemoto (umakhi weemoto wokuqala waseVietnam uVingroup waseka umzi-mveliso wawo eHaiphong okokugqibela. ngonyaka), ekhuthaza uphuhliso lonxibelelwano oluthembekileyo kule ndawo.

Izibuko lokuqala elwandle olunzulu kuMantla eVietnam, iLach Huyen port, lavula ii-terminals zalo zokuqala ezimbini, ezinokuhlala iinqanawa ezinkulu-ke oko kuthintela ukumisa eHong Kong naseSingapore kuthutho lothutho lwamazwe aphesheya, konga malunga neveki kuthumelo.

I-Binh Duong kunye ne-Ho Chi Minh City, e-Vietnam ese-Vietnam, zezona ndawo ziphambili kwimizi-mveliso, ngokukodwa iingubo, ulusu, izihlangu, oomatshini, umbane kunye ne-elektroniki, kunye nokulungiswa kweenkuni.

I-Vietnam yase-Vietnam ikwayindawo ephambili yeeprojekthi zotyalo mali, ngakumbi izityalo zamandla elanga. Kwixesha elizayo, ngelixa ummandla osemazantsi uza kugcina umtsalane wawo, utyalomali kwizityalo zelanga kulindeleke ukuba lutshintshe ngokuthe ngcembe luye kumbindi nakumantla.

Ngexesha likaJan-Meyi, icandelo lotyalo-mali lwangaphandle livelise i-US $ 70.4 yezigidigidi kuthengiso-ngaphandle - ipesenti ezintlanu yonyuka ngonyaka ongena kwi-70 yepesenti yengeniso yelizwe iyonke. Ukusukela nge-20 kaMeyi, bekukho iiprojekthi ezingama-28,632 ze-FDI ezinenkunzi epheleleyo ebhalisiweyo ye-US $ 350.5 yezigidigidi.

Ukwanda kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe eMelika

Njengoko imfazwe yezorhwebo yase-US-China iqhubeka, iVietnam iye yaba ngomnye wemithombo ekhula ngokukhawuleza yokungeniswa kweMelika kwikota yokuqala yonyaka. Ukuba oku kuyaqhubeka, iVietnam inokugqitha i-UK njengomnye wababoneleli abakhulu e-US, ngokweBloomberg.

Amacandelo amathathu aphezulu afumana i-FDI

Ngokwengxelo ye-FIA, ukuveliswa nokulungiswa, izindlu nomhlaba, kunye nokuthengisa kunye nokuthengisa kakhulu ngamacandelo amathathu aphezulu e-FDI eVietnam.

Ukwenziwa kunye nokulungiswa

Ukwenziwa kunye nokulungiswa kuyaqhubeka nokuphendula ngenxalenye enkulu ye-FDI.

Icandelo loMphathiswa Wezorhwebo laseVietnam libona ukuxhasa ishishini njengeyona nto iphambili ekuphuculeni uphuhliso lwentlalo noqoqosho. Urhulumente ufuna ukuhlengahlengisa eli shishini ukuze lixhase imveliso yasekhaya kunye nokunyusa amaqondo asekhaya.

Iingcali zeshishini zithi iVietnam izuzile ngenxa yeenkampani ezihambisa imveliso ukuya eVietnam njengoko iindleko e-China zaqala ukwanda. Imfazwe yorhwebo yase-US-China ikhawulezise inkqubo.

Izindlu ezithengiswayo

Imakethi yokuthengisa izindlu nomhlaba yaseVietnam, njengakwiminyaka edlulileyo, iyaqhubeka nokutsala abatyali mali bamanye amazwe nabasekhaya. Ukonyuka kwezokhenketho, kunye neeprojekthi zeziseko zophuhliso ezinkulu, ezinje ngeeprojekthi zeMetro zeHanoi kunye neHo Chi Minh, kulindeleke ukuba zityhalele imfuno yezindlu nomhlaba.

Ukuthengisa kunye nokuthengisa

IVietnam yenye yezona ndawo zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba eliphakathi kwingingqi, zibangela ukukhula okukhulu kwicandelo lokuthengisa kunye nelevenkile. Udidi lwayo oluphakathi luqikelele ukufikelela kwi-33 yezigidi ngo-2020, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-12 yezigidi ukusuka kwi-2012.

Ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwe-FDI eVietnam

IVietnam kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke nokugcina imali eyomeleleyo ye-FDI. Ilizwe belitsala i-FDI kuwo onke amacandelo, isenza ukuba ibe yindawo ejikeleza bonke abatyali mali. Umceli mngeni wabo iya kuba kukulawula ukukhula ngendlela enenkathalo kunye nohlaziyo lukarhulumente.