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Liechtenstein is bordered by Switzerland to the west and south and Austria to the east and north. It has an area of just over 160 square kilometres (62 square miles), the fourth smallest in Europe. Divided into 11 municipalities, its capital is Vaduz, and its largest municipality is Schaan.
The current population of Liechtenstein is 38,146 as of Monday, June 18, 2018, based on the latest United Nations estimates.
German 94.5% (official) (Alemannic is the main dialect), Italian 1.1%, other 4.3%
Liechtenstein has a constitutional monarch as Head of State, and an elected parliament which enacts the law. It is also a direct democracy, where voters can propose and enact constitutional amendments and legislation independent of the legislature.
Despite its small size and lack of natural resources, Liechtenstein has developed into a prosperous, highly industrialized, free-enterprise economy with a vital financial services sector and one of the highest per capita income levels in the world. The Liechtenstein economy is widely diversified with a large number of small and medium-sized businesses, particularly in the services sector
Swiss franc (CHF)
No restrictions are imposed on the import or export of capital.
The Principality of Liechtenstein is home to a specialised, stable financial centre with strong international connections. The financial services sector is second only in size to the industrial sector. Liechtenstein's first bank was founded in 1861. Since then the financial sector has grown to become an important part of the national economy and today employs around 16% of the country's workforce.
Europe and SwitzerlandFinancial service providers based in Liechtenstein enjoy the right to provide services in all countries of the European Union (EU) and the EEA. Moreover, traditionally close relations with neighbouring Switzerland, the customs union with Switzerland and the Swiss franc as the official currency in Liechtenstein give companies privileged access to the Swiss market as well. Liechtenstein is committed to the OECD standards on transparency and information exchange and has an effective system for combating money laundering and financing of terrorism. The internationally recognised Financial Market Authority Liechtenstein is responsible for monitoring the country's financial industry.
Banks and moreBanks may have the greatest influence within the financial services sector, but Liechtenstein is also attractive to and popular among many other kinds of companies such as insurers, asset managers, funds and trusts.
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The major laws that govern the commercial activities in Liechtenstein are the Liechtenstein Company Law and the Liechtenstein Foundation Law. The Company Law of Liechtenstein was adopted in 1992 and contains regulations regarding the legal forms of businesses. The foundations were also regulated by this law until 2008, when a specific law was adopted (New Liechtenstein Foundation Law).
According to the Company Law, all the union of persons earn the legal entity status after the registration in the Public Registry. The registration of a company in Liechtenstein is not mandatory for the entities which don’t perform economic activities. Any change in the status of the company must be submitted to the Public Registry.
One IBC Limited provide Incorporation service in Liechtenstein with the type AG (a company limited by shares) and Anstalt (an Establishment, commercial or non-commercial, without shares).
A Liechtenstein corporate body or trust cannot undertake the business of banking, insurance, assurance, reinsurance, fund management, collective investment schemes or any other activity that would suggest an association with the Banking or Finance industries, unless a special licence is obtained.
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The Establishment’s minimum capital amounts to CHF 30,000 (alternatively EUR 30,000 or USD 30,000). If the capital is divided into shares, the minimum capital amounts to CHF 50,000 (alternatively EUR 50,000 or USD 50,000). The capital – so-called Establishment fund – may also be fully or partly paid in as contributions in kind. Contributions in kind have to be valued by an expert prior to their contribution. The establishment fund may be increased at any time.
In Liechtenstein, shares may be issued in a variety of forms and classifications and may include: Non Par Value, voting, Registered or Bearer form.
The minimum number of directors for the Aktiengesellschaft (AG), GmbH and Anstalt is one. The directors may be natural persons or bodies corporate. A Liechtenstein Stiftung does not have a board of directors, but appoints a Foundation Council. The directors (members of council) may be natural persons or bodies corporate. They can be of any nationality, but at least one director (member of council) must be a natural person, a resident of Liechtenstein and qualified to act on behalf of the company.
Only one shareholder of any nationality is required.
Insofar as the articles of association of the Liechtenstein AG and Anstalt do not provide differently, the registered office of the company is at the location where the centre of its administrative activity is, subject to the regulations on the registered office in terms of international relations.
Liechtenstein has only one double tax agreement, with Austria.
The tax return must be filed by June 30 inclusive, of the year following the tax year. An extension from the tax authorities is possible on request. Entities will receive a provisional tax bill in August, which must be paid by September 30 of that year.
If a corporation does not pay taxes on time, interest will be charged from the time the payment was due. The interest rate fixed by the government in the tax ordinance is 4 percent. A tax bill is a legal title for execution, which means that following a reminder, the authorities can take execution in the entity's assets.
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